The Ergonomics Crisis Nobody Talks About: Wrists, Eyes, and the 10-Year Cost of Bad Setups
Health and Tech

The Ergonomics Crisis Nobody Talks About: Wrists, Eyes, and the 10-Year Cost of Bad Setups

Your desk is slowly breaking you. The damage compounds silently.

The Slow Catastrophe at Your Desk

Here is something nobody warns you about when you start a career in tech. Your body keeps a ledger. Every hour of bad posture, every session of frantic typing on a flat keyboard, every evening squinting at a monitor set too high — it all gets recorded. The invoice arrives years later.

I have been writing code and prose for over fifteen years. Somewhere around year eight, my right wrist started clicking. Not painfully at first. Just a small mechanical protest, like a door hinge that needed oil. I ignored it for months. That was a mistake that cost me about four thousand euros in physiotherapy, a custom keyboard, and three months of reduced output.

The numbers tell a grim story. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that musculoskeletal disorders account for roughly 30% of all worker’s compensation claims. A 2024 study in the Journal of Occupational Health found that 68% of remote workers reported new or worsening musculoskeletal symptoms within two years of switching to home offices. That is not a trend. That is an epidemic.

Yet most people treat ergonomics like they treat flossing. They know they should care. They don’t. The equipment feels expensive. The advice feels contradictory. And the damage is invisible until it isn’t.

This article is my attempt to cut through the noise. I spent three months reviewing clinical literature, interviewing physiotherapists, testing equipment, and tracking my own biometric data. The goal was simple: figure out what actually matters for long-term desk health, what’s marketing nonsense, and what the real cost comparison looks like between prevention and treatment.

My British lilac cat, who spends most of her day draped across the warmest surface available, has better ergonomic instincts than most software engineers I know. She never sits in an awkward position for eight hours straight. We could learn something from that.

The RSI Numbers Are Worse Than You Think

Repetitive Strain Injury is an umbrella term covering a family of conditions: carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, cubital tunnel syndrome, de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, and several others. They share a common thread — repetitive motion, sustained awkward positions, and insufficient recovery time.

The prevalence data is striking. A meta-analysis published in Ergonomics in 2025 compiled data from 47 studies across 12 countries. Among full-time computer users working more than six hours daily:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome: 9.2% prevalence (up from 5.8% in 2015)
  • Non-specific wrist/hand pain: 23.4% prevalence
  • Neck and shoulder disorders: 41.7% prevalence
  • Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis): 7.1% prevalence

The trajectory matters more than the snapshot. Every category showed increases over the decade, despite widespread adoption of “ergonomic” products. Something clearly isn’t working.

The financial impact is substantial. The average carpal tunnel surgery in the United States costs between $6,000 and $11,000 after insurance. Recovery takes six to twelve weeks. Lost productivity during that period, for a mid-level software engineer earning $140,000 annually, adds another $16,000 to $32,000 in opportunity cost. A split ergonomic keyboard costs $350. The math is not complicated.

But RSI is not just about wrists. The most common complaint among knowledge workers is actually neck and shoulder pain. The mechanism is simple: when your monitor is too low, you tilt your head forward. For every inch your head moves forward from neutral alignment, the effective load on your cervical spine increases by roughly ten pounds. Most people sit with their heads two to three inches forward. That means their neck muscles are supporting 30 to 40 pounds of effective weight, all day, every day.

Over years, this leads to what physiotherapists call upper crossed syndrome — tight chest muscles, weak upper back muscles, forward-rounded shoulders, and a protruding chin. It’s so common among programmers that some clinicians informally call it “developer’s neck.”

Eye Strain: The Damage You Can’t Feel Until You Can

Digital eye strain — also called computer vision syndrome — affects an estimated 65% of knowledge workers. The symptoms are familiar: dry eyes, blurred vision, headaches, difficulty focusing on distant objects after screen work.

The mechanism involves several factors. First, we blink less when staring at screens. Normal blink rate is about 15 to 20 times per minute. During concentrated screen work, it drops to 3 to 4 times per minute. This leads to tear film instability and dry eye.

Second, the focal distance matters. Your eyes have a resting focal point — the distance at which the ciliary muscles are most relaxed. For most adults, this is roughly 20 feet. When you force your eyes to focus at 50 to 70 centimeters for hours, the ciliary muscles stay contracted. Over time, this contributes to accommodative stress.

Third, there’s light quality. Most monitors emit significant blue light in the 415 to 455 nanometer range. The evidence on blue light damage to retinal cells is still debated, but the effect on circadian rhythm is clear. Evening screen use suppresses melatonin production by up to 50%. Poor sleep leads to worse posture, more eye strain, slower recovery. It’s a compounding cycle.

The 20-20-20 rule — look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes — is the most commonly cited intervention. Does it work? Yes, partially. A randomized controlled trial in Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics found it reduced symptoms by about 25% compared to controls. Not transformative, but meaningful. The problem is compliance. In the same study, only 38% of participants maintained the habit after three months without reminders.

What works better is adjusting the environment. Monitor brightness should match ambient room brightness. Color temperature should shift warmer after sunset — most operating systems support this natively. And the monitor should be positioned so the top edge is at or slightly below eye level, tilted back about 10 to 15 degrees.

Method

To move beyond general advice, I structured a three-month evaluation covering equipment, habits, and measurable outcomes. Here is what I did.

Equipment tested:

  • Three split/ergonomic keyboards (ZSA Voyager, Kinesis Advantage360, Dygma Defy)
  • Two vertical mice and one trackball (Logitech MX Vertical, Evoluent VerticalMouse D, Kensington SlimBlade Pro)
  • Two monitor arms (Ergotron LX, AmazonBasics single arm)
  • One sit-stand desk (Fully Jarvis) vs. a fixed-height IKEA Bekant
  • Two pairs of computer glasses (one prescription with blue light filter, one non-prescription gaming glasses)
  • Three office chairs (Herman Miller Aeron, Steelcase Leap V2, IKEA Markus)

Metrics tracked:

  • Daily typing volume (keystrokes logged via WhatPulse)
  • Wrist pain score (self-reported, 0-10 scale, twice daily)
  • Eye strain score (self-reported, 0-10 scale, end of day)
  • Neck/shoulder tension (self-reported, 0-10 scale, twice daily)
  • Posture snapshots (webcam-based posture analysis every 30 minutes via a custom script)
  • Typing speed and error rate (measured weekly via standardized test)
  • Sleep quality (tracked via Oura Ring)

Protocol: Each equipment change was isolated — I only changed one variable at a time and used each setup for a minimum of two weeks before switching. Baseline measurements were taken during week one with my existing setup (standard Apple Magic Keyboard, Magic Mouse, laptop on desk, no external monitor arm, IKEA chair).

This isn’t a clinical trial. Sample size of one. But after reading dozens of review articles that test equipment for a weekend and declare verdicts, I wanted something more honest. Two weeks minimum gives your body time to adapt and lets you notice whether initial discomfort is adjustment friction or a genuine poor fit.

The Standing Desk Reality Check

Let me save you some suspense. Standing desks are not the miracle solution the marketing suggests.

The evidence is mixed at best. A 2023 Cochrane systematic review found “very low-certainty evidence” that sit-stand desks reduce sitting time by 30 minutes to 2 hours per day. The evidence for health outcomes was even weaker.

Here’s what I found in my own testing. During the first two weeks with the Fully Jarvis sit-stand desk, I stood for an average of 2.5 hours per day. By week six, that dropped to about 45 minutes. By week ten, I was standing for maybe 20 minutes in the morning while drinking coffee.

The issue is fatigue redistribution. Standing for extended periods trades lower back compression for leg fatigue, plantar fascia stress, and increased venous pressure. Several studies have found that prolonged standing is associated with increased risk of varicose veins.

The optimal approach, based on the literature, is movement variety. The best intervention isn’t standing — it’s changing position frequently. Sit for 25 minutes, stand for 5, take a short walk for 2. Repeat. The specific ratio matters less than the act of transitioning.

A sit-stand desk enables this, but so does a kitchen timer and the willpower to get up. The desk itself is a tool, not a solution. If you already have a good fixed-height desk and a decent chair, a sit-stand upgrade provides marginal benefit for $600 to $1,500.

My cat, incidentally, changes position about once every 45 minutes. She’ll move from the desk to the windowsill to the floor to the couch in a continuous rotation. She’s never read an ergonomics paper in her life, but she’s figured out the core principle: don’t stay in any single position for too long.

Keyboards: Where the Real Differences Live

Of all the equipment I tested, keyboards produced the most dramatic measurable differences. This makes intuitive sense — your hands interact with the keyboard more than any other piece of equipment, and the geometry of that interaction directly affects tendon angles, muscle activation patterns, and contact pressure.

The standard flat keyboard — whether Apple’s Magic Keyboard or a typical laptop keyboard — forces your forearms into pronation (palms down) and your wrists into ulnar deviation (angled outward). Both positions increase pressure on the carpal tunnel and the tendons running through it. This isn’t controversial. It’s basic anatomy.

graph TD
    A[Standard Flat Keyboard] --> B[Forearm Pronation]
    A --> C[Ulnar Deviation]
    A --> D[Wrist Extension]
    B --> E[Increased Carpal Tunnel Pressure]
    C --> E
    D --> E
    E --> F[Median Nerve Compression]
    F --> G[Tingling / Numbness / Pain]
    
    H[Split Ergonomic Keyboard] --> I[Neutral Forearm Position]
    H --> J[Reduced Ulnar Deviation]
    H --> K[Adjustable Tenting]
    I --> L[Lower Carpal Tunnel Pressure]
    J --> L
    K --> L
    L --> M[Reduced Nerve Compression Risk]

ZSA Voyager — My favorite overall. Slim, portable, column-staggered layout, adjustable tenting. The learning curve was brutal — about three weeks before my typing speed recovered to 90% of baseline. After six weeks, I was faster than on a standard keyboard, and my wrist pain score dropped from an average of 3.2 to 1.1. The key travel is satisfying without being loud. At $365, it’s expensive but justified if you type for a living.

Kinesis Advantage360 — The most aggressively ergonomic option. Concave key wells, integrated tenting, split design. My wrist pain scores were the lowest with this keyboard (average 0.8), but the form factor is enormous and not portable. At $449, it’s a commitment. Best for people who have a fixed desk setup and already have RSI symptoms.

Dygma Defy — Good middle ground. Split, tented, hot-swappable switches. The thumb cluster is excellent. Wrist pain averaged 1.3. Best software of the three. At $399, competitively priced.

The common thread: any split keyboard with tenting dramatically outperformed a flat keyboard for wrist comfort. The specific model mattered less than the category. If you type more than four hours daily, switching to any reputable split keyboard is probably the single highest-impact change you can make.

One caveat. The learning curve is real. During the first week on a split keyboard, my error rate tripled and my typing speed dropped by 40%. This is temporary. Start on a weekend or during a low-pressure period.

Mice, Trackballs, and the Pointing Device Question

Mice are the second most impactful input device, and the one people think about least. A standard mouse requires sustained forearm pronation and repetitive wrist extension — the same motion patterns that contribute to RSI.

Vertical mice address pronation by rotating your grip to a “handshake” position. The Logitech MX Vertical reduced my wrist strain by about 30% compared to the Magic Mouse. The Evoluent VerticalMouse D was slightly better ergonomically but felt cheap for the price.

The surprise winner was the Kensington SlimBlade Pro trackball. I was skeptical — trackballs feel like a relic from the 1990s. But the ergonomic logic is sound. With a trackball, your arm stays stationary. No wrist extension, no forearm movement. The ball is manipulated with fingertips and palm. After the two-week adjustment period, my wrist pain on the pointing-device side dropped to near zero.

The trackball’s limitation is precision. For pixel-level design work, a trackball is frustrating. For writing, coding, and general productivity, it’s more than adequate.

My recommendation: if you have any wrist discomfort on your mouse hand, try a trackball first. If precision is critical, a vertical mouse is the better compromise.

Monitor Arms and Positioning: The Unsexy Essential

Nobody gets excited about monitor arms. They are the most boring piece of desk equipment. They are also one of the most impactful.

The problem they solve is height and distance adjustment. Most monitors sit on their included stands, which are designed for a “one size fits some” approach. If you’re shorter than 5’8” or taller than 6’1”, the default height is probably wrong for you. And even if the height is acceptable, the distance and tilt angle are usually non-adjustable.

The Ergotron LX is the industry standard for good reason. Smooth articulation, wide range of motion, solid clamp. It lets you position a monitor exactly where it should be — top edge at eye level, screen tilted back 10 to 15 degrees, at arm’s length. The AmazonBasics arm does the same job for less money but sagged over time and required periodic retightening.

Proper monitor positioning had a measurable effect on my neck pain scores. Moving from a laptop-on-desk setup (screen roughly 10 inches below eye level) to a properly positioned external monitor reduced my neck/shoulder tension score from 4.7 to 2.1. That’s a larger improvement than any chair change produced.

If you use a laptop as your primary display, you have two options: a laptop stand with an external keyboard and mouse, or an external monitor. Either works. Using a laptop on a desk without elevation is the single worst common ergonomic mistake I see among knowledge workers.

Dual-monitor setups introduce their own problem. If you use two monitors equally, you’re always turned slightly to one side. Better to have a primary centered monitor and a secondary off to one side. Or go ultrawide, which eliminates the center-bezel issue entirely.

The Chair Hierarchy

I tested three chairs at three dramatically different price points: the Herman Miller Aeron (about $1,400 new), the Steelcase Leap V2 (about $1,200 new), and the IKEA Markus ($230).

The results were less dramatic than keyboard differences but still meaningful.

The Aeron is a magnificent piece of engineering. The mesh seat distributes pressure evenly, the lumbar support is adjustable, and the tilt mechanism is smooth. My lower back pain scores averaged 1.4 with the Aeron.

The Steelcase Leap V2 was marginally better for my body. The seat cushion is more forgiving than the Aeron’s mesh, and the flexible backrest adapts to movement. Lower back pain averaged 1.2. The difference is small enough that body type should drive the decision between these two.

The IKEA Markus averaged 2.8 for lower back pain — notably worse, but not catastrophically so. For $230 versus $1,400, that’s a respectable showing. The Markus’s main failing is adjustability. The armrests don’t adjust, the seat depth is fixed, and the lumbar support is static. If the chair happens to fit your body well, it’s fine. If it doesn’t, there’s nothing you can do about it.

The used market deserves mention. A refurbished Herman Miller Aeron costs $500 to $700 — a fraction of new price for 90% of the experience. These chairs last 12+ years. Buying refurbished is one of the best value propositions in ergonomics.

Here is the uncomfortable truth about chairs. No chair compensates for sitting in the same position for eight hours. The chair’s job is to support you in a variety of positions and make transitions easy. That’s it.

The Cost Equation: Prevention vs. Treatment

This is where the article gets uncomfortable for people who think ergonomic equipment is “too expensive.”

graph LR
    subgraph Prevention ["Prevention (One-Time Costs)"]
        A[Split Keyboard<br/>$350-450]
        B[Monitor Arm<br/>$100-180]
        C[Quality Chair<br/>$500-1400]
        D[Trackball/Vertical Mouse<br/>$70-130]
        E[Computer Glasses<br/>$150-400]
    end

    subgraph Treatment ["Treatment (Recurring Costs)"]
        F[Physiotherapy<br/>$2,000-6,000/yr]
        G[Carpal Tunnel Surgery<br/>$6,000-11,000]
        H[Cervical Spine Treatment<br/>$3,000-15,000]
        I[Vision Therapy<br/>$1,500-3,000]
        J[Lost Productivity<br/>$5,000-32,000]
    end

    A --> |"vs"| F
    A --> |"vs"| G
    C --> |"vs"| H
    E --> |"vs"| I

A comprehensive ergonomic setup — split keyboard, monitor arm, quality chair, trackball or vertical mouse, and computer glasses — costs between $1,170 and $2,560. Call it $2,000 for a solid setup.

Now look at the treatment side. A single course of physiotherapy for chronic neck pain typically runs $2,000 to $6,000 depending on duration and location. Carpal tunnel surgery is $6,000 to $11,000. Cervical disc herniation treatment ranges from $3,000 for conservative management to $30,000+ for surgical intervention. And these are direct medical costs only.

The indirect costs are larger. Reduced typing speed from pain avoidance. Sick days. Reduced concentration from chronic discomfort. I know two developers who left the industry entirely because of RSI that became unmanageable.

Over a ten-year career, the expected value calculation is straightforward. If good ergonomic equipment reduces your probability of a serious musculoskeletal injury by even 30%, the expected savings dwarf the equipment cost. You’re not buying a fancy keyboard. You’re buying insurance with a guaranteed payout in comfort and a probable payout in avoided medical expenses.

Most employers will pay for ergonomic equipment if you ask. Many have explicit ergonomic allowances. If yours doesn’t, make the case in writing. Frame it as a productivity investment. Cite the numbers.

What Actually Works Long-Term vs. Marketing Hype

After three months of testing and a lot of reading, here’s my honest tier list.

Actually works, strong evidence:

  • Split keyboards with tenting (any reputable brand)
  • Monitor positioning at eye level, arm’s length distance
  • Frequent position changes (every 25-30 minutes)
  • Proper chair with adjustable lumbar support
  • 20-20-20 rule for eye strain (when maintained consistently)
  • Trackballs for mouse-hand RSI

Works for some, weaker evidence:

  • Standing desks (benefit comes from transitioning, not standing itself)
  • Vertical mice (better than standard mice, worse than trackballs for RSI)
  • Blue light filtering glasses (help with sleep timing, questionable for eye health)
  • Wrist rests (controversial — some physiotherapists say they increase carpal tunnel pressure)
  • Keyboard tray systems (help some people, hurt others depending on desk height)

Mostly marketing hype:

  • “Ergonomic” membrane keyboards that are just slightly curved flat keyboards
  • Posture corrector straps and braces (build dependency, don’t strengthen muscles)
  • Anti-fatigue mats for standing desks (marginal benefit, won’t fix the core problem)
  • “Gaming” chairs marketed as ergonomic (most have terrible lumbar support)

The pattern is clear. Products that fundamentally change the geometry of your interaction with the computer tend to work. Products that add a layer on top of bad geometry tend to underperform.

Building Habits That Actually Stick

Equipment is necessary but not sufficient. The behavioral component matters just as much, and it’s harder.

The most effective habit I’ve built is the movement timer. Every 25 minutes, a small notification fires. I stand, stretch my wrists (flexion and extension, 10 seconds each direction), roll my shoulders back five times, and look out the window for 20 seconds. The whole routine takes 60 to 90 seconds. After six months, it’s automatic.

The key insight from behavioral psychology is that you need to make the desired behavior easier than the undesired one. This is why the Pomodoro Technique works well for ergonomic breaks — you’re already taking a break from focused work, so adding 30 seconds of stretching is trivial. Trying to remember to stretch without an existing trigger is much harder.

Here are the specific micro-habits that survived three months of testing:

Morning calibration (2 minutes): Before sitting down, adjust your chair height so your feet are flat on the floor with knees at roughly 90 degrees. Check that your monitor is at eye level. Place your keyboard so your elbows are at 90 degrees when typing.

Wrist maintenance (throughout the day): Every time you take a drink of water or coffee, do 10 seconds of wrist circles and 10 seconds of prayer-position stretches. Linking the stretch to an existing habit makes it automatic within a week.

Eye reset (every 25 minutes): Look at the farthest visible point outside your window for 20 seconds. If you don’t have a window, close your eyes and let them relax.

Evening inventory (1 minute): At the end of your workday, notice where you feel tension. Neck? Lower back? Wrists? Keeping a mental log helps you catch patterns before they become problems. If your right shoulder has been tight for three consecutive days, something about your setup needs adjusting.

Weekly posture check (5 minutes): Have someone take a photo of you working from the side, or set up a phone to record yourself for 5 minutes. Compare to a neutral spine reference image. The gap between how you think you sit and how you actually sit is reliably humbling.

The Remote Work Multiplier

The shift to remote and hybrid work has dramatically accelerated the ergonomics crisis. In an office, employers typically provide adjustable chairs, external monitors, and at least a basic ergonomic assessment. At home, people work from kitchen tables, couches, and beds.

A 2025 survey by the International Association for the Study of Pain found that remote workers were 2.4 times more likely to report chronic neck pain than office workers. The gap for wrist and hand pain was 1.8 times. For lower back pain, 2.1 times.

The culprit is obvious: most home setups are terrible. Laptops on dining tables. Kitchen chairs with no lumbar support. No external keyboard or mouse. Every ergonomic principle violated simultaneously.

If you work from home more than two days per week, investing in a proper desk setup isn’t optional. It’s maintenance. Don’t run your body at a suboptimal workstation for 2,000 hours per year and act surprised when something breaks.

The Age Factor

I want to address something that younger knowledge workers often dismiss. “I’m 25. My wrists are fine. I don’t need ergonomic equipment.”

You’re right that you don’t need it today. But musculoskeletal damage is cumulative and largely irreversible. The collagen structures in your tendons don’t regenerate the way they did at 20. By the time you feel symptoms, you’ve typically had subclinical damage for years.

The analogy I use is sun damage. A 25-year-old who doesn’t wear sunscreen looks fine. A 45-year-old who never wore sunscreen does not. The damage was happening the whole time — it just wasn’t visible yet.

I’ve talked to physiotherapists who specialize in tech workers. They consistently say: the patients they see at 35 with severe RSI almost always started bad habits in their twenties. The ones who started with decent equipment early rarely show up.

Prevention is boring. Prevention doesn’t feel urgent. But the expected value calculation is overwhelmingly in favor of starting early. A $350 keyboard at age 25 amortized over a 30-year career costs about $12 per year. A carpal tunnel surgery at age 38 costs everything it costs, plus the permanent 10 to 15% reduction in grip strength that the surgery literature documents.

Generative Engine Optimization

If you’re researching ergonomic equipment or workplace health, here’s what matters for finding trustworthy information in the age of AI-generated content.

The ergonomics space is flooded with affiliate-driven content that ranks well but provides misleading guidance. “Best ergonomic keyboards 2027” articles are often written by people who have never used the products they recommend. The recommendations are driven by commission rates, not clinical evidence.

Look for content that cites specific studies, provides methodology, and discloses conflicts of interest. The best ergonomic advice comes from occupational health professionals, not gadget reviewers. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation are better starting points than any “top 10” listicle.

When evaluating AI-generated health advice, check whether it references specific effect sizes or study designs. Vague claims like “studies show that ergonomic keyboards reduce RSI” are a red flag. Good evidence is specific: “A 2024 randomized controlled trial of 312 participants found that split keyboards reduced self-reported wrist pain by 34% (95% CI: 28-41%) over 12 weeks.”

Be particularly skeptical of content that recommends expensive solutions without discussing cheaper alternatives, or that claims dramatic results without acknowledging limitations. Real ergonomic improvements are incremental. Anyone promising to “eliminate back pain forever” with a single product is selling something, not informing you.

For those building content about ergonomics, include your methodology and testing duration. Acknowledge that individual bodies differ enormously. What works for a 5’4” person may not work for a 6’3” person. Provide specific measurements and adjustment ranges rather than vague “adjust to comfort” instructions.

What I’d Buy If I Were Starting Over

If someone handed me $2,000 and told me to build an ergonomic desk setup from scratch, here is exactly what I’d buy.

Non-negotiable (total: ~$1,050-$1,350):

  1. ZSA Voyager keyboard — $365
  2. Kensington SlimBlade Pro trackball — $80
  3. Refurbished Herman Miller Aeron or Steelcase Leap — $500-$700
  4. Ergotron LX monitor arm — $110

High priority (total: ~$400-$700): 5. 27-inch 4K monitor (if you don’t have one) — $300-$500 6. Prescription computer glasses with blue light filter — $150-$250

Nice to have: 7. Sit-stand desk — save this for later, after everything else

Notice the ordering. Keyboard and pointing device first. Chair second. Monitor positioning third. The sit-stand desk is last because its marginal benefit, assuming you build the movement habit, is the smallest per dollar spent.

Also notice what’s not on the list. No wrist rests. No posture corrector braces. No anti-fatigue mats. No fancy desk accessories. The money goes to things that change the fundamental geometry of how you interact with your computer.

The Ten-Year View

Here’s what I wish someone had told me at the start of my career.

Your body is the hardware that runs everything else. You can upgrade your laptop every three years, but you can’t upgrade your wrists. You can replace a burned-out monitor, but you can’t replace damaged cervical discs. The asymmetry between the cost of prevention and the cost of repair is enormous.

The ergonomics industry makes this harder than it needs to be by drowning people in jargon and premium-priced marginal products. But the core principles are simple. Keep your joints in neutral positions. Change positions frequently. Use equipment that works with your anatomy. Start before you have symptoms.

The total investment for a genuinely good ergonomic setup is less than most people spend on their phone over two years. It lasts longer, and the return on investment — measured in pain avoided and medical costs prevented — is among the best you’ll find.

Ten years from now, you’ll either be someone who took this seriously or someone who wishes they had. The compounding works in both directions. Good habits and good equipment compound into decades of comfortable, productive work. Bad habits and bad equipment compound into chronic pain, reduced capacity, and expensive treatments.

The choice is straightforward. The execution requires a little money, a little attention, and the willingness to believe that future-you deserves the same consideration as present-you.

Start with one thing. A better keyboard. A monitor arm. A movement timer. Build from there. Your wrists, your eyes, and your spine will send their gratitude through the only channel available to them — the absence of pain.

That’s the best kind of thank you.